summary

Summary: Nichomachean Ethics

Book 1,

Every action and choice must aims to goodness. Knowledge of the goodness will control all the desires that is known as Politics. In between of the virtue of the goodness it must have limits. Politics is the highest attainment of good. Upbringing moral conduct will define what is good and bad. Notable 3 kinds of life are The Life Just Mentioned, The Political Life, and The Contemplative Life. Good cant be universal and common to all. Self-Sufficient is defined through proper function that conforms to rationality. Good things divided into 3 classes, external goods, good of soul and goods of the body. Good pertaining to the soul actions in the highest and fullest sense of action and activity. Happiness is some kind of activity of the soul in conformity with the soul. Men who are supremely happy spend their lives in these activities most intensely and most continuously, and seem to be why such activities couldn’t be forgotten. Two elements of soul are the rational and irrational soul. Irrational soul vegetative and weak, hence it needs rational soul to decide what’s best.

Book II

Intellectual virtue refers to -acquired by teaching and Moral virtue is acquired by habitual and none of the virtues is natural. The natural of moral qualities is destroyed by defect and access. A parameter to our characteristic is defined through pleasure and pain upon the task we have achieved.  Man becomes just by performing just acts and self- controlled by performing acts of self-control is correct, without performing them, nobody could even be on the way to becoming good. Man is in the middle of truthful and the mean truthfulness. There are three kinds of disposition, two vices which are the defect and the excess and in the middle is the mean. In order to achieve the Mean, one must avoid extreme, observe pleasure (pleasant) and pain.