nampak sangat budak malas yang gemok mata sepet tade geng, tade kawan punya kerja. im so f******g stress finishing this simple assingment, i salah pilih tajuk and running out of time. yes, i google and google and google and I find wikipedia. hihihih, what lar can do. im so busy, i feel i wanna kill myself.
dear lecture head of department, please forgive me. Im not cheating... neither plagiarist other's work. but i.. hheheheeeegegegee..
i play politics here. :) hope ur gimme at least b- pleaseeee. :)
Introduction
dear lecture head of department, please forgive me. Im not cheating... neither plagiarist other's work. but i.. hheheheeeegegegee..
i play politics here. :) hope ur gimme at least b- pleaseeee. :)
Introduction
The occurrence of The Great War or World War 1 (WWI) was one of the most significant events in the modern History of Europe. The impacts may be seen in various fields, such as Politics, Economy, History, and Demographic. WWI had been discussed in various intellectual debates, study rigorously by many scholar in order to examine, understand and comprehend WWI.
The sparked of the World War I (WWI) was due to the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria on 28 June 1914(Mckay 1968), the heir throne of Austria-Hungry and lead to greater confrontation between Austria and Serbia. In addition to that matter, nationalism, militarism, imperialism, and alliances form eventually caused a long undisputed conflict and led to chaotic situation and inflicted severe impact on the nation and eventually led to a massive bloodshed. The bloodshed was lasted around 4 years starting from 28th June 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918.
This research paper will be discussing on the basis of the major factors leading to WWI and the aftermath of WWI. This research paper will be divided into two sections. The first section of this paper will be on to determine the long rooted causes of World War 1, summarized as Militarism, Nationalism, Imperialism, and Alliances based on Bismarck’s ideas and the Fall of his Idea. The second section will be on the impact of the WWI.
The second section of this paper will be analyzing the aftermath of WW1. There were various effects underlying the aftermath of WW1. However, this paper will be based on three main effects which are; Governmental changed in terms of German Revolutions following with Russian Revolution, economic impact towards the rest of Europe, and impacts on society especially the role of Women in Industry.
In short, this paper will be examining the factors leading to World War 1 and the consequences on the occurrence of the event. In addition to that, the fundamental of History is to take lesson of it thus, towards the end of this paper, one section will be on the analysis part, which is to derive lessons based on the event of WW1.
Causes of World War 1
The significant of WW1 is best to be understood on the definition itself. According to Holger World War can be defined the intervention of wars between major countries. In addition to that, Holger later explains on the ideas of War was to end all War. As the term First, refined Ralph as the long duration or terms after the great tension between all Great Power at that time.
War did not start by itself. There were various reasons behind the WW1 and eventually caused World War 1 to happen. The war start with long term rooted based on several events since the advancement of Europe in various fields. However, The sparked of the WW1 happened with the assassination of Sir Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria on 28 June 1914. However behind all the reasons occurred, WW1 was based on the key terms summarized as Nationalism, Imperialism, Militarisms, and Alliances formed, which can be summarized as long term unresolved dispute between The Great Power.
The long undisputed conflict between Great Power eventually triggered all The Great Power to form alliances in order enhance their defense with a little priority to secure their position. (Ralph H.L.:1990) During 1870 Bismarck’s idea came into picture and initiated new form of alliances. The consequences of the event resulted into greater tension and one of the factor of WW1 . They keys terms can be summarized as follows, Nationalism, Militarism, Imperialism, and Alliances as agreed by many scholars were the long term that caused WW1. Whereby each ism has it own significant to WW1.
Nationalism
Among the causes of WW1 can be traced with the growth of nationalism. Nationalism according (Lowel Barigton :2009) is the feeling of sense belonging between each ethnic. The growth of nationalism eventually caused tension between The Great Power in terms of relationship between alliances. For example, in Austria-Hungary as the name suggest shows it was impossible to achieve nationalism. However, with the nationalism aroused during the ear, eventually caused internal dissent in Austria-Hungary. Each nation had their own interest to pursue however ethnocentric as remarked by Emperor William II, “In question of honor and National Interest you don’t consult other”. In addition to that Nationalism posed a problem for Austria-Hungary and the Balkans, areas comprised conflicting and by name itself show different ethnic. With problems arises between nationalism, in the long run every dissent eventually caused greater strain relationship between alliances in order to pursue national interest.
Imperialism
A new form of colonization which is known as imperialism happened in order to prevent any more wars in Europe. At that time, wars were happening around Europe, as to prevent wars from keep happening, Imperialism was introduced in order to have extra economic income (Thorsten: Velben 1915). Imperialism by definition means, (Mckay: 2005)colonized within the limit without any military force. However, Imperialism worsened the situation Europe as it was more likely to produce greater tension between the Great Power.
The Rival between imperialism to find economic source unexpectedly created intense relationship between Great Power. Imperialism caused conflict between imperialist to gain extra sources to meet requirement for manufacturing after the industrialization. Such cases occurred in between Great Britain, Germany and France to meet requirement for foreign market after the increase in manufacturing cost, during Industrial Revolution (Dan C: 2001). Those Great Power was competing for sole reason to expand economic in Africa. The clashed between Germany against Britann and France in North Africa.
Militarisms
The thread between aggressive nation with advancement of technology in terms military was another long term tension between great power triggered WW1. (Mckay: 2005)The problem may be traced with significant of the advancement in terms idea, technological and organizational development. The rise of Germany as the great power and leading military at that time was planning to attack Germany instructed by von Schlieffen structured complicated planned and eventually drew more countries into war more than necessary, and irreversible to cancel the plan. Another form of militarism was the expansion of army between 1870 until ww1 had increased tremendously for German and France. The expansion of naval to have sea territorial control for British and German was competitive. The Great Britain foreseen to have the largest navy in advancement in order to maintain sea territorial as initiated by Admiral Sir John Fisher, in 1906.
Alliances.
The final review will be a concern on the causes of WW1 is The Alliances formed. Two opposing alliances were formed at that time in order to secure position and support in case war exploded at that time. (Robert G.: 2001) The first alliance was form from Bismarck’s idea based on his idea of Real politics after Bismarck was trying to prevent diplomacy from France from having relationship with other Great Power after the Franco-Prussian War. The alliance known as Bismarck formed Three Emperor's League in 1872, an alliance between Germany, Russia and Austria-Hungary. Gradually, after France occupied Tunisia, Bismarck took advantage of Italian resentment towards France and created the Triple Alliance between Germany, Italy and Austria- Hungary in 1882. In return of the Alliances, Italy will stay natural and support any protection from France in case war happened.
The opposing alliance was form after was rejected by Kaiser William II in 1890 and fired Bismarck’s idea from forming alliance with Russia. France was optimist looking at all advantage and was trying to get an Ally from Russia (Jack S. L.:1998). Eventually, France decided to form an ally with Russia and the ally known as Franco-Russian Entente in 1894. As to response from all major imperialistic conflict between then, eventually France, Russia, and British formally formed an Entente to oppose the Triple Alliances. As resulted between those alliance, relationship became more intense and war was much more appealing after the Alliances were formed.
The Breaking Point of WW1
The breaking point of the war depicted with the assassination of Sir Francis Ferdinand, the heir of Austria-Hungary throne. With pressured for Germany and fully pledge to give support to Austria-Hungary, pressuring them to declare war on Serbia. Austria-Hungary was convinced that Serbia against them. In response with that, Austria-Hungary posed unacceptable ultimatum, in which Serbia consented with War.
With the first declared war between Serbia and Austria-Hungary, Russia’s intervention by mobilized partial support of to Serbia, however, eventually escalated into major support. (Mckay: 2005)On July 31, German warned Russia and France to demobilize any help. However, Russia refused and eventually German declared war to Russia and the event known as Russo-German together with Russia alliance which was France. German invasion toward Belgium, violated the Belgium’s official neutrality, and prompted The Great Britain to declare war on Germany. European finally declared on its first WW1.
Aftermath World War 1
The war ended after 8 years of battling within The Great Power. The war did not end as aspired by many, which was solutions were against another. However, consequences of WW1 were really bad as it reformed European countries in so many ways. However, for this section, only three major impacts that will be discussed based on, impact on Government in terms of territories lost after WW1, impact on society such as women’s role in society, and impact on economic within United Kingdom and German.
Impact on Government
Aftermath of WW1 witness a long due depression within the each countries involve in the Great War. The significance of the aftermath can be traced into few fundamental aspects which are governmental reformed. Four countries were disappeared from European’s map, which were Hohenzollerns, the Habsburg, Romanovs and the Ottomans, Austria-Hungary were changed to Yugoslavia (John P.M :2005) in order to find common ground after a long due nationalism problem.
Aftermath WW1 encounter two significant events, which were Russian Revolution and German Revolution. After 8 years living in fear, citizen in each countries were clamoring changed. (Mckay :2005) Russian’s revolution marked the end of Tsar’s aristocracy. The revolution was driven by the Vladmir IIyinch Lenin with the foundation of Marx’s utopian ideas and later refined in order to suit and influence Russian for his political aspired. The ideas spread to the whole Russia. His major contribution was the idea of socialism in order to rebut capitalism in order to have equal distribution after overcrowded masses of the poor. Though Lenin did not win entirely, but his ideas remained in Russia.
Another revolution occurred in Germany with intention to have liberal provisional republic to encounter authoritarian monarchy as aspired for Germany. However, two major political parties were greatly confronted. The revolution witness another political climate however ended with the mass demonstration by the citizen. Eventually, in order to restraint and prevent any problems to happen, newly formed which was Nazi under Adolf Hitler violently take over government.
Impact on Society.
European witnessed The Great as the worst impact on the civilian. Millions of innocent civilian died out because of war was unquestionable. Population of men decreased a huge outnumbered population of women in society. Thus, aftermath of WW1, women in industry rose significantly resulted from WW1.
At most countries in Europe, women were repressed in various industries. The roles of women were insignificant before WW1; however it had changed after the demand for extra worker to fulfill industrial demand required women to go working. After losing tremendous number of men in the battlefield, women’s role in society impact had greatly increased. (Mckay 2005) In terms of industrial women in British occupied in some designation that were for favor them for example in clerical job and banking were occupied by women and rose from 9500 into almost one million after WW1.
In addition to that, (Mckay:2005) the demands by women for the right to vote had become most apparent in England prior to the war. Women acquired that right throughout most of the countries of Europe following the war. Working class people, as well as women, were fully employed during the war, and their status, once defined as very subordinate to the aristocracy, was greatly enhanced.
The spread of disease as matter of lack of medicine available in market, and poor hygiene eventually caused Flu epidemic throughout European continent. The epidemic spread and became viral and killed a great number throughout countries. The repercussion of war did not witness on people that died out because of the war, but eventually have another serious consequences against disease.
Impact on Economic
Aftermath WW1, impact in economic was no doubt severely impacted. The struggle to rebuilt and stabilize economic was the biggest challenge aftermath ww1. During the war, advancement of militarism was indeed caused millions of European dollar. Eventually caused falling dominoes in various countries that experienced the worst economic situation.
Aftermath WW1 experienced the worst economic deflation in various countries within European continent. (Keegan, John :2001) United Kingdom for example funding the war had a severe economic cost. From being the world's largest overseas investor, it became one of its biggest debtors with interest payments forming around 40% of all government spending. Inflation more than doubled between 1914 and its peak in 1920. (Ralph H.L.: 1921)German experienced the worst economic impact in terms of struggling with war preparations. and inflation rapidly lowered the value In a period of no more than three months in 1923, the German mark jumped from 4.6 million marks to the dollar to 4.2 trillion marks to the dollar.
Lesson from World War 1.
The fundamental of history is to value any lesson that can be taken from the event. WW1 as agreed by many scholars did not bring any positive impact but rather nightmare throughout Modern History of Europe. Tun Dr. Mahathir mentions, War is not the best solution. This statement can be derived from WW1. The WW1 as mentioned before did not end on how people expected and aspired, whereas it created and leads to repercussion based on the event itself.
Millions of innocent civilian died out based on the war. Studies made, 13 million, almost quarter of population diet out from the event. It shows that war, was nothing but bloodshed cost greatly on the civilian. let alone on the people died because of the war, the spread of disease due to lack of medical and hygiene significantly contributed to the death around European continent.
A proper channel can be used as medium of communication in order to prevent war. The restless power between Great Countries and inferiority towards other Great Power can reduced in many forms. However, due to hasty decision, alliances were formed and apparently did not make any betterment on the alliances. Greedy and desired for more power and money outgrew inhumanity and eventually caused war.
Based on all the repercussion, nevertheless based on the War have few contributions. According to Mckay people have better understanding based on the events of revolutions. Though it used violent in order to have what people aspired, it has improved in terms of mechanism used to govern people for example the overthrown of aristocracy and have balance society marked as the significant revolution of WW1. Effective government and bureaucracy during the War in the end help various governments in Europe to govern efficiency and effectively. Another reform, can analyzed by the role of women is society that rapidly changed in order to replace men working industry. These changes are possibly without the event of War.
Conclusion.
World war 1 indeed was a complex event occurred in Europe, as it did not confined to a single factor in occurrence of World War I, as an event happened lead to another event. The long term undisputed conflict based on relationship between all Great Power in Europe caused strain internally and externally. The key factor that led to war was, Hasty Decision between those Great Power.
On the brief side, WW1 alter various changes in European, as Europe improved tremendously and became the most advance continent in terms of advancement of technology, government and societal life. However, the end of WW1 eventually caused another Great War between Europe which was The World War II. This event shows that, European did not derive any lesson from the World War I
Eventhough war already happened at that time, based on the repercussion, war should never happened again. War is nothing but violent violation towards one and another. At this age, there thousands of intellectual are ready made to confer any issues regarding solving dispute. However, based on political agenda war is still happening in various countries. Worst these days, war happened in the name of religion and eventually killed thousands of innocent civilian. In order to prevent War, world need to find mutual respect without and must never interfere other sovereignty territories.
Based on the analyzing all the facts happened before and after the WW1, it shows the outcome of war are not aspired by anyone. The impact is huge, after the advancement of Military. War may make possible during ancient time, as bombing and exploding were not included. In these ages, war is violent and goes beyond inhumanity. In short, War is not supposed to happen under any circumstances there are variety in finding solution for any dispute.
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Retrieved on 3rd oct 2011 Taken from: http://history-world.org/world_war one.html
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